![]() depression, cardiovascular diseases, immune-related disorders, and it has been related to higher overall mortality. Psychological Stress is considered as a crucial factor in the onset, course and exacerbation of various diseases, e.g. Stress and its consequences on health has been a major research topic over the last decades. Due to the dependency of the perceived stress level on demographic variables, particularly age and sex, differentiated norm values are needed, which are provided in this paper. As psychological stress is associated with an increased risk of diseases, identifying subpopulations with higher levels of stress is essential. The PSS-10 is a reliable, valid and economic instrument for assessing perceived stress. Older and married participants felt less stressed than younger and unmarried participants. Perceived stress decreased with higher education, income and employment status. Regarding demographic variables, women reported a higher level of stress than men. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a bi-dimensional structure with two related latent factors. Perceived stress was consistently associated with depression, anxiety, fatigue, procrastination and reduced life satisfaction. The results demonstrated a good internal consistency and construct validity. The PSS-10 and standardized scales of depression, anxiety, fatigue, procrastination and life satisfaction were administered to a representative, randomly selected German community sample consisting of 1315 females and 1148 male participants in the age range from 14 to 90 years. Thus, the purposes of this representative study were to psychometrically evaluate the PSS-10, and to provide norm values for the German population. However, the German version of the PSS-10 has not yet been validated. The Perceived Stress Scale Cohen (J Health Soc Behav 24:385-96, 1983) is a widely and well-established self-report scale measuring perceived stress. ![]()
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March 2023
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